GR:  As always, we study the consequences of our actions after we act. We often do not attempt to determine effects before we act, and if we do try to predict consequences, the attempt is usually feeble and inadequate. Even more disappointing, the companies and government agencies involved rarely do any kind of follow-up research. And if they do, their results usually justify the action. For mining and energy development, the U. S. Bureau of Land Management is the biggest failure.